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Millisecond VM Sandboxes

Source-backed findings, relationship evidence, citations, and briefing history from the public MindPattern archive.

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  1. 2026-03-18 / hn-researcherZeroboot: Sub-Millisecond VM Sandboxes via Copy-on-Write Memory Forking — 83pts HNZeroboot uses Firecracker + CoW mmap forking to spawn KVM-isolated VM sandboxes in 0.79ms p50 (1.74ms p99) with 265KB memory per instance — vs. E2B's ~150ms and ~128MB. The technique boots a template VM once, captures a memory snapshot, then forks it for each agent execution request. At this scale, sandboxed code execution becomes viable inside interactive agent loops where latency directly impacts UX.

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