Karpathy Publishes 'Software 3.0' Manifesto — December 2025 as the Inflection Point Where Code-Writing Ratios Inverted

karpathy.bearblog.dev·high signal

Andrej Karpathy published a detailed blog post (April 30) summarizing his Sequoia Ascent 2026 fireside chat, defining three software eras: 1.0 (human-written code), 2.0 (neural networks), and 3.0 (LLMs programmed through prompts, context, tools, memory). He pinpointed December 2025 as when his personal ratio inverted from writing 80% of code to delegating 80% to agents. The verifiability framework — 'traditional software automates what you can specify; LLMs automate what you can verify' — provides builders a concrete heuristic for where AI coding works and where it doesn't.