The Observer World: A Cryptographic Extension of Impagliazzo's Five Worlds
arXiv·low signal
Fabio Buono revisits Impagliazzo's classic 'five worlds' classification of cryptographic assumptions, which all implicitly assume every party (including the adversary) observes the full input. The paper makes that assumption explicit and relaxes it by adding a second, orthogonal 'observational axis' defined by an observer hierarchy. A foundational reframing of how to reason about adversaries with partial observation.