Diagnosing CFG Interpretation in LLMs: Evaluating Context-Free Grammar Adherence for Agentic Interface Compliance

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A new arXiv paper (2604.20811) evaluates LLMs' ability to interpret and adhere to context-free grammars — a critical capability as LLMs are increasingly integrated into agentic systems that must follow dynamically defined, machine-interpretable interfaces. The study tests whether models can reliably parse and generate outputs conforming to formal grammar specifications, which matters for tool calling, structured output, and agent protocol compliance. Results show significant variance across model families in grammar adherence, with implications for agent reliability in production.