Three headless browsers built for agents trended the same day with three different strategies.

camofox-browser (9,309 stars) patches Firefox at the C++ level to spoof hardwareConcurrency, WebGL, AudioContext and WebRTC before JS sees them; lightpanda (34,635) is a from-scratch Zig DOM with V8 and html5ever via FFI; browser-use (112,862, +231 today) drives an existing browser (GitHub Trending). They differ on what part of the stack they throw away rather than on features. Both camofox and lightpanda ship accessibility-snapshot or MCP output instead of raw HTML, which tells you what the consumer is.