The UK put AWS, Microsoft, Google, and Oracle under direct financial-regulator supervision, effective July 13.

Microsoft Ireland Operations, Google Cloud EMEA, Amazon Web Services EMEA, and Oracle Corporation UK are now supervised by the Bank of England, the PRA, and the FCA. They must participate in resilience testing, run regular self-assessments, and notify regulators of significant operational incidents affecting the financial system. It's the first live use of the Critical Third Parties regime created by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2023. Those four clouds host nearly all enterprise AI inference, which means the regulatory perimeter now implicitly extends to AI model serving. Nobody drew that line on purpose. It's there anyway.